The ichinomiya of Chikuzen Province

What the Japanese sources say

Sumiyoshi Jinja (住吉神社) and Hakozakigu (筥崎宮) are both treated as the ichinomiya, the shrine ranked first in the province, but the public record leans towards Sumiyoshi Jinja.

For Sumiyoshi Jinja, the city of Fukuoka states that it is a shrine entered in the Engishiki (a law code that lists official shrines) and calls it plainly “the ichinomiya of Chikuzen Province”, and Fukuoka Prefecture’s official tourism site heads its page “Chikuzen no Kuni Ichinomiya Sumiyoshi Jinja”.

For Hakozakigu, both the city of Fukuoka’s cultural property page and Fukuoka Prefecture’s official tourism site call it only one of the “three great Hachiman shrines of Japan”, with no mention of the ichinomiya. Its own website titles every page “Nihon Sandai Hachimangu Hakozakigu”, and does not claim the title of ichinomiya.

According to the city of Fukuoka, Hakozakigu was founded in Enchō 1 (923), which is later than the compilation of the Engishiki (Engi 5, that is 905).

Written from Japanese sources, each quoted. The Japanese page has the same discussion with the original wording.